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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(3): 209-216, junio 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1368241

ABSTRACT

La laringe se localiza en la encrucijada aerodigestiva; cualquier patología que la comprometa tendrá repercusión en la respiración, la deglución y/o la voz. Se divide en tres regiones: la supraglotis (comprende la epiglotis, las bandas ventriculares y los ventrículos laríngeos), la glotis (espacio limitado por las cuerdas vocales) y la subglotis (zona más estrecha de la vía aérea pediátrica y único punto rodeado en su totalidad por cartílago: el anillo cricoides). La obstrucción laríngea se puede presentar como una condición aguda potencialmente fatal o como un proceso crónico. El síntoma principal es el estridor inspiratorio o bifásico. La etiología varía mucho según la edad y puede ser de origen congénito, inflamatorio, infeccioso, traumático, neoplásico o iatrogénico. Se describen las patologías que ocasionan obstrucción laríngea con más frecuencia o que revisten importancia por su gravedad, sus síntomas orientadores para el diagnóstico presuntivo, los estudios complementarios y el tratamiento.


The larynx is at the aerodigestive crossroads; any pathology that involves it will have an impact on breathing, swallowing and/or the voice. It`s divided into three regions: supraglottis (includes epiglottis, ventricular bands and laryngeal ventricles), glottis (space limited by the vocal cords) and subglottis (narrowest area of pediatric airway and the only point of larynx completely surrounded by cartilage: the cricoid ring). Laryngeal obstruction can present as a potentially fatal acute condition or as a chronic process. The main symptom is inspiratory or biphasic stridor. The etiology varies widely according to age and it may be of congenital, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic or iatrogenic origin. We describe the pathologies that cause laryngeal obstruction, either those that occur very often or those which are important for their severity, their guiding symptoms to the presumptive diagnosis, additional studies and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatrics , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Larynx/pathology , Algorithms , Laryngeal Diseases/therapy
2.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 14(3): 126-130, sept. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087566

ABSTRACT

Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent condition in the daily life of infants and older children. When reflux causes symptoms, it is called gastroesophageal reflux disease. Different extraesophageal symptoms have been frequently attributed to gastroesophageal reflux, however, new diagnostic techniques available, such as pHmetry with impedance measurement, have allowed us to evaluate and eventually dismiss such relationships. In this article we review the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal pathology, chronic cough, asthma and aspiration. In general terms, the empirical treatment of a presumed reflux is not recommended in asymptomatic patients, in whom its presence is not demonstrated by techniques such as pHmetry with impedance, given that therapeutic response is low and similar to placebo, with potential adverse effects.


El reflujo gastroesofágico es una condición frecuente en la vida diaria de lactantes y niños mayores. Cuando produce síntomas, se denomina enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Se ha atribuido frecuentemente diferentes síntomas extraesofágicos al reflujo, sin embargo, nuevas técnicas diagnósticas disponibles, como la pHmetría con medición de impedanciometría, han permitido evaluar y eventualmente descartar tales asociaciones. En este artículo se revisa la relación entre el reflujo gastroesofágico y patología laríngea, tos crónica, asma y aspiración. En términos generales, no se recomienda el tratamiento empírico de un supuesto reflujo en pacientes asintomáticos, en quienes tampoco esté demostrada su presencia por técnicas como la pHmetría con impedanciometría, dado que la respuesta terapéutica es baja y similar a placebo, con potenciales efectos adversos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Asthma/etiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/therapy , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Cough/etiology , Respiratory Aspiration/etiology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Manometry
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(1): 3-10, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984058

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Dysphonia is a common symptom after thyroidectomy. Objective: To analyze the vocal symptoms, auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal, videolaryngoscopy, the surgical procedures and histopathological findings in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Methods: Prospective study. Patients submitted to thyroidectomy were evaluated as follows: anamnesis, laryngoscopy, and acoustic vocal assessments. Moments: pre-operative, 1st post (15 days), 2nd post (1 month), 3rd post (3 months), and 4th post (6 months). Results: Among the 151 patients (130 women; 21 men). Type of surgery: lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 40, total thyroidectomy n = 88, thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 23. Vocal symptoms were reported by 42 patients in the 1st post (27.8%) decreasing to 7.2% after 6 months. In the acoustic analysis, f0 and APQ were decreased in women. Videolaryngoscopies showed that 144 patients (95.3%) had normal exams in the preoperative moment. Vocal fold palsies were diagnosed in 34 paralyzes at the 1st post, 32 recurrent laryngeal nerve (lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 6; total thyroidectomy n = 17; thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 9) and 2 superior laryngeal nerve (lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 1; Total thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 1). After 6 months, 10 patients persisted with paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (6.6%). Histopathology and correlation with vocal fold palsy: colloid nodular goiter (n = 76; palsy n = 13), thyroiditis (n = 8; palsy n = 0), and carcinoma (n = 67; palsy n = 21). Conclusion: Vocal symptoms, reported by 27.8% of the patients on the 1st post decreased to 7% in 6 months. In the acoustic analysis, f0 and APQ were decreased. Transient paralysis of the vocal folds secondary to recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve injury occurred in, respectively, 21% and 1.3% of the patients, decreasing to 6.6% and 0% after 6 months.


Resumo Introdução: A disfonia é um sintoma comum após a tireoidectomia. Objetivo: Analisar os sintomas vocais, auditivo-perceptivos e acústica vocal, videolaringoscopia, procedimento cirúrgico e achados histopatológicos em pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia. Método: Estudo prospectivo. Pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia foram avaliados da seguinte forma: anamnese, laringoscopia e avaliações vocais acústicas. Momentos: pré-operatório, 1ª avaliação pós (15 dias), 2ª avaliação pós (1 mês), 3ª avaliação pós (3 meses) e 4ª avaliação pós-operatória (6 meses). Resultados: Dos 151 pacientes, 130 eram mulheres e 21, homens. Tipos de cirurgia: lobectomia + istmectomia n = 40, tireoidectomia total n = 88, tireoidectomia + dissecção de linfonodo n = 23. Sintomas vocais foram relatados por 42 pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória (27,8%), reduzidos para 7,2% após 6 meses. Na análise acústica, f0 e APQ estavam diminuídos nas mulheres. As videolaringoscopias mostraram que 144 pacientes (95,3%) tiveram exames normais no momento pré-operatório. Paralisia das cordas vocais foi diagnosticada em 34 pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória, 32 do nervo laríngeo recorrente (lobectomia + istmectomia - n = 6; tireoidectomia total - n = 17; tireoidectomia total + dissecção de linfonodos - n = 9) e 2 do nervo laríngeo superior (lobectomia + istmectomia - n = 1; tireoidectomia total + dissecção de linfonodos - n = 1). Após 6 meses, 10 pacientes persistiram com paralisia do nervo laríngeo recorrente (6,6%). Histopatologia e correlação com paralisia das cordas vocais: bócio coloide nodular (n = 76; paralisia n = 13), tireoidite (n = 8; paralisia n = 0) e carcinoma (n = 67; paralisia n = 21). Conclusão: Os sintomas vocais, relatados por 27,8% dos pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória, diminuíram para 7% em 6 meses. Na análise acústica, f0 e APQ diminuíram. A paralisia transitória de cordas vocais secundária à lesão do nervo laríngeo recorrente e nervo laríngeo superior ocorreu, respectivamente, em 21% e 1,3% dos pacientes, reduziu-se para 6,6% e 0% após 6 meses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Voice Disorders/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Time Factors , Voice Quality/physiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/physiopathology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/epidemiology , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Voice Disorders/epidemiology , Laryngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Laryngeal Diseases/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Laryngeal Nerve Injuries/etiology , Laryngeal Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Laryngeal Nerve Injuries/epidemiology , Laryngoscopy/methods , Larynx/injuries , Larynx/pathology
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 77(2): 193-196, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902762

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas laríngeas se producen principalmente en el contexto de traumas cervicales, ahorcamiento o estrangulamiento. Las fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas son excepcionales, existiendo escasos reportes en la literatura. A continuación, presentamos dos casos de fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas evaluadas en nuestro servicio.


Laryngeal fractures occur mainly in the context of cervical trauma, hanging or strangulation. Nontraumatic laryngeal fractures are rare and there are fewreports in the literature. We present two cases of nontraumatic laryngeal fractures evaluated in our service.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Larynx/injuries , Sneezing , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Deglutition , Laryngoscopy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(1): e31-e33, feb. 2017.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-838327

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia respiratoria posoperatoria es una complicación grave de la tiroidectomia, y su origen puede ser multifactorial, especialmente en los niños. Presentamos el caso de dos hermanos sometidos a una tiroidectomia que luego tuvieron dificultad respiratoria. Para la disección de la tiroides se emplearon un bisturí armónico y el sistema de sellado vascular bipolar electrotérmico. Ambos pacientes presentaron problemas para respirar tempranamente en el posoperatorio. El hermano mayor tuvo dificultad respiratoria leve durante 24 horas, que se resolvió espontáneamente. Se extubó a la hermana menor, pero tuvo estridor grave acompañado de tiraje intercostal y retracción abdominal. Se la volvió a intubar y se la trasladó a la UCI, donde se la conectó a un respirador. Permaneció en la UCI durante 14 días debido a múltiples intentos fallidos de extubación. Es probable que los síntomas fueran más graves en la niña pequeña debido a que la pared de la tráquea era más blanda y los cartílagos, más débiles. Es necesario considerar las posibles complicaciones respiratorias posoperatorias a causa de una lesión térmica o una técnica quirúrgica inadecuada tras una tiroidectomía.


Postoperative respiratory insufficiency is a serious complication of total thyroidectomies which can be multifactorial, especially in children. We report two siblings who had undergone thyroidectomy with subsequent respiratory distress. Electrothermal bipolar and harmonic scalpel were used during thyroid dissections. Both patients had early postoperative respiratory problems. The older one suffered from mild respiratory distress for 24 hours and then he spontaneously recovered. The younger one was extubated but then she had serious stridor accompanied with abdominal and intercostal retractions. She was re-intubated and admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support, where she stayed for 14 days due to multiple failed extubation attempts. The symptoms were more severe in the younger child probably due to softer tracheal wall and weaker tracheal cartilages. We should keep in mind the probable postoperative respiratory complications due to thermal injury or inappropriate surgical technique after thyroid surgeries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy/methods , Tracheal Diseases/etiology , Burns/complications , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Edema/etiology , Electrosurgery/adverse effects , Burns/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology
6.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(5): 507-511, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828223

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Acute laryngeal lesions after intubation appear to be precursors of chronic lesions. OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and type of acute laryngeal lesions after extubation in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: A cohort study involving children from birth to <5 years, submitted to intubation for more than 24 h in the PICU of an university hospital. In the first eight hours after extubation, a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) was performed at the bedside. Those with moderate to severe abnormalities underwent a second examination seven to ten days later. RESULTS: 177 patients were included, with a median age of 2.46 months. The mean intubation time was 8.19 days. Seventy-three (41.2%) patients had moderate or severe alterations at the FFL, with the remaining showing only minor alterations or normal results. During follow-up, 16 children from the group with moderate to severe lesions developed subglottic stenosis. One patient from the normal FFL group had subglottic stenosis, resulting in an incidence of 9.6% of chronic lesions. CONCLUSION: Most children in the study developed mild acute laryngeal lesions caused by endotracheal intubation, which improved in a few days after extubation.


Resumo Introdução: As lesões laríngeas agudas após a intubação parecem ser precursoras das lesões crônicas. Objetivo: Descrever a incidência e o tipo de lesões laríngeas agudas após extubação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). Método: Estudo de coorte envolvendo crianças de 0 a 5 anos incompletos, com intubação por mais de 24 horas na UTIP de um hospital universitário. Nas primeiras 8 horas após extubação, uma nasofibrolaringoscopia à beira do leito foi realizada. Aqueles com anormalidades moderadas a graves foram submetidos a novo exame entre 7-10 dias após. Resultados: 177 pacientes foram incluídos, com idade mediana de 2,46 meses. O tempo médio de intubação foi de 8,19 dias. Setenta e três (41,2%) pacientes apresentaram alterações moderadas ou graves à laringoscopia, o restante mostrando apenas alterações leves ou exame normal. Durante o acompanhamento, 16 crianças do grupo lesões moderada a grave desenvolveram estenose subglótica. Um paciente do grupo laringoscopia normal teve estenose subglótica, somando-se uma incidência de 9,6% de lesões crônicas. Conclusão: A maioria das crianças do estudo desenvolveu lesões laríngeas agudas leves decorrentes da intubação endotraqueal, com melhora em alguns dias após a extubação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Larynx/injuries , Severity of Illness Index , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/pathology , Acute Disease , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Laryngoscopy , Larynx/pathology
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(2): 236-241, ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-793974

ABSTRACT

El quiste de vallécula congénito es una malformación de vía aérea poco frecuente que se manifiesta principalmente con estridor laríngeo y que puede plantear problemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos complejos, a menudo en situaciones de riesgo vital. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de pretérmino (RNPT) de 36 semanas pequeño edad gesta-cional (PEG), portador de un estridor laríngeo congénito y mal incremento pondoestatural que en relación a una infección respiratoria baja, presentó empeoramiento del estridor laríngeo a los 48 días de edad cronológica. Por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda requirió de intubación orotraqueal que no resultó dificultosa. La extubación fue fallida por presentar estridor inspiratorio franco. La nasofibroscopía demostró una lesión de aspecto quístico en base de lengua que desplazaba la epiglotis hacia posterior obstruyendo parcialmente el lumen de la vía aérea. Por laringoscopía directa se realizó marsupialización. Se realiza la revisión bibliográfica y se analiza el caso y su tratamiento.


Congenital vallecular cyst is a rare airway malformation mainly manifested by laryngeal stridor and could generate complex diagnostic and therapeutic problems, often in life-threatening situations. We present the case of a pre-term newborn of 36 weeks small for gestational age, who at 48 days of chronological age showed worsening of a congenital laryngeal stridor in the context of a lower respiratory tract infection associated to low weight gain from birth. For reasons of acute respiratory failure, orotracheal intubation was executed which was not difficult. Extubation was failed because the child presents significant inspiratory stridor. Nasofibroscopy showed a cystic lesion of the tongue base that pushed backward the epiglottis obstructing partially the airway lumen. Marsupialization was performed by direct laryngoscopy. A Bibliographic review was done and the case and its treatment are discuss.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Cysts/complications , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Epiglottis
8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(2): 233-238, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673232

ABSTRACT

Aprevalência do envolvimento laríngeo em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) varia de 13% a 75%. As manifestações específicas compreendem a artrite cricoaritenóidea e os nódulos reumatoides em pregas vocais. OBJETIVO: O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a prevalência da disfonia e das alterações laríngeas à videolaringoscopia em pacientes com AR e a associação com o grau de atividade da doença. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo clínico transversal que avaliou pacientes com AR quanto ao escore de atividade de doença em 28 articulações (DAS-28), sintomas laríngeos, incluindo a aplicação da versão traduzida do Voice Handicap Index, e realizou videolaringoscopia, comparando com um grupo controle. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes com artrite reumatoide e 40 controles. As prevalências de disfonia e de alterações videolaringoscópicas foram, respectivamente, de 12,8% e 72,3% em pacientes com AR. A média do DAS-28 foi de 3,3 ± 1,2; 26 (74,3%) dos 35 pacientes com doença ativa apresentaram alterações laríngeas (p = 0,713). A laringite posterior (44,7%) foi o diagnóstico mais comum em pacientes com AR. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de alterações laríngeas em pacientes com AR foi 72,4% e a prevalência de disfonia foi 12,8%. Não houve relação significativa entre alterações laríngeas e grau de atividade da doença.


The prevalence of laryngeal involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ranges from 13 to 75%. The specific RA manifestations include the cricoarytenoid arthritis and the presence of rheumatoid nodules in the vocal folds. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dysphonia and laryngeal alterations on videolaryngoscopy in RA patients and their association with disease activity. METHOD: This is a clinical cross-sectional study that evaluated patients with rheumatoid arthritis as to their disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28), laryngeal symptoms, application of a Portuguese version of the Voice Handicap Index and videolaryngoscopy findings, comparing them with a control group. RESULTS: We evaluated 47 (54%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 40 (46%) controls. The prevalence of dysphonia and videolaryngoscopy changes was respectively 12.8% and 72.4% in patients with RA. The mean of DAS-28 was 3.3 ± 1.2; 26 (74.3%) of 35 patients presenting active disease had laryngeal changes (p = 0.713). Posterior laryngitis was the most common diagnosis (44.7%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of laryngeal disorders in RA patients was 72.4% and the prevalence of dysphonia was 12.8%. There was no significant relationship between laryngeal disorders and disease activity.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Dysphonia/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dysphonia/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngoscopy/methods , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(11): 821-828, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654251

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate laryngeal and voice disorders in patients with gastroesophageal symptoms and their correlation with pH-monitoring. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in patients attended at the Voice Disorder Outpatient Clinics of Botucatu Medical School in a five-year period and had vocal and gastroesophagic symptoms. Patients underwent videolaryngoscopy, auditory-perceptual vocal analyses, computerized acoustic vocal analysis and dual probe pH-monitoring for 24 hours. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included (aged between 21 and 65 years; 45 women and 12 men), 18 had normal (31.6%) and 39 had abnormal pH-monitoring results (68.4%). Videolaryngoscopy recorded several laryngeal lesions for both patients with normal and abnormal pH-monitoring, but mostly for the latter group, highlighting posterior pachyderma. Auditory-perceptual vocal assessments identified vocal changes of several intensities for both groups but especially for patients with abnormal pH-monitoring results. All acoustic parameters, except f0, were abnormal for both groups, compared to the control population. CONCLUSION: Acoustic and perceptual vocal changes and laryngeal lesions were recorded for both patients with normal pH-monitoring results and patients with abnormal pH-monitoring results, evidencing the importance of clinical history and videolaryngoscopic findings for diagnosing acid laryngitis.


OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações laríngeas e vocais em pacientes com sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico e correlacioná-las com o exame de phmetria. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu os pacientes atendidos nos ambulatórios de Distúrbios da Voz da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de cinco anos com sintomas vocais e gastroesofágicos. Os pacientes foram submetidos à videolaringoscopia, às análises vocais perceptivo-auditivas, a analise vocal acústica computadorizada e ao exame de pHmetria de dois canais com monitorização durante 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 57 pacientes (entre 21 a 65 anos; 45 mulheres e 12 homens). Desses, 18 apresentavam pHmetria normal (31,6%) e 39 alterada (68,4%). As videolaringoscopias registraram diversas lesões laríngeas tanto nos pacientes com pHmetria normal como alterada, sendo mais relevantes neste último grupo, destacando-se a paquidermia posterior. As avaliações vocais perceptivo-auditivas identificaram alterações vocais de diversas intensidades em ambos os grupos, mais importantes nos pacientes com pHmetria alterada. Todos os parâmetros acústicos, exceto Fo, mostraram-se alterados em ambos os grupos, quando comparados aos controles. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações vocais perceptivas e acústicas, e lesões laríngeas foram registradas tanto nos pacientes com phmetria normal como alterada, sinalizando para a importância da historia clínica e dos achados videolaringoscópicos no diagnóstico das laringites ácidas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Esophageal pH Monitoring , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Laryngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Auditory Perception , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngoscopy/methods , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Vocal Cords , Voice Disorders/etiology
10.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 52(5): 798-799, set.-out. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653732

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo descreve uma paciente de 41 anos de idade com dermatomiosite, doença pulmonar intersticial e vasculopatia cutânea que desenvolveu pneumomediastino. Durante exame de broncoscopia foram encontradas lesões pálidas na laringe, que se estendiam para a árvore traqueobrônquica, e úlceras profundas na parede membranácea da traqueia. O exame histopatológico revelou presença de processo inflamatório secundário à vasculite, mas sem sinais de infecção. Lesões nas vias aéreas superiores e inferiores em paciente com dermatomiosite são raríssimas. A associação de dermatomiosite com úlceras profundas de mucosa e pneumomediastino não está bem esclarecida, mas a broncoscopia é um exame que deve ser utilizado para aperfeiçoar a avaliação.


We described a 41-year-old woman with dermatomyositis, interstitial lung disease, and cutaneous vasculopathy who developed a pneumomediastinum. The routine bronchoscopy investigation found pale lesions in the larynx, that extended to the tracheobronchial tree, and deep ulcers in the membranous wall of the trachea. The histopathology examination revealed an inflammatory process that was diagnosed secondary to the vasculitis, but no infections. Superior and inferior airway lesions in the same patient with dermatomyositis is a very rare condition. The association of dermatomyositis with deep mucosal ulcers and pneumomediastinum is not clear, but a bronchoscopic examination should be used to improve evaluation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Dermatomyositis/complications , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/etiology , Tracheal Diseases/etiology , Ulcer/etiology , Fatal Outcome
11.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 52(2): 231-235, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618377

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma forma de vasculite sistêmica que envolve primariamente as vias aéreas superiores e inferiores e os rins. As manifestações mais frequentes nas vias aéreas são estenose subglótica e inflamações, estenoses da traqueia e dos brônquios. A visualização endoscópica das vias aéreas é a melhor ferramenta para avaliação, diagnóstico e manejo dessas alterações. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as alterações endoscópicas encontradas na mucosa das vias aéreas de um grupo de pacientes com GW submetido à broncoscopia no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) e relatar as intervenções terapêuticas broncoscópicas utilizadas em alguns casos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de GW provenientes do Ambulatório de Vasculites da Disciplina de Pneumologia do HC-FMUSP, encaminhados para a realização de broncoscopia no serviço de Endoscopia Respiratória do HC-FMUSP no período de 2003 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 pacientes avaliados, 11 eram mulheres (73,33 por cento) com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos. Foram encontradas alterações das vias aéreas em 80 por cento dos pacientes, e o achado endoscópico mais frequente foi estenose subglótica (n = 6). Realizou-se broncoscopia terapêutica em três pacientes com estenose subglótica e em outros três com estenose brônquica, todos apresentando bons resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A broncoscopia permite diagnóstico, acompanhamento e tratamento das lesões de vias aéreas na GW, constituindo-se um recurso terapêutico pouco invasivo em casos selecionados.


INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a form of systemic vasculitis that involves primarily the upper and lower airways and the kidneys. The most frequent airway manifestations include subglottic stenosis and inflammation, and tracheal and bronchial stenoses. The endoscopic visualization of the airways is the best tool for assessing, diagnosing and managing those changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe the endoscopic abnormalities found in the airway mucosa of a group of patients with WG undergoing bronchoscopy at Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), and to report the therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions used in some cases. METHODS: The study assessed 15 patients diagnosed with GW from the Vasculitis Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Pulmonology, HC-FMUSP, referred for bronchoscopy at the Service of Respiratory Endoscopy, HC-FMUSP, from 2003 to 2007. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were studied [11 females (73.33 percent)]; mean age, 34 ± 11.5 years. Airway changes were found in 80 percent of the patients, and the most frequent endoscopic finding was subglottic stenosis (n = 6). Therapeutic bronchoscopy was performed in three patients with subglottic stenosis and in other three patients with bronchial stenosis, all showing good results. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy allows for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating the airway lesions in WG, being a minimally invasive therapeutic option in selected cases.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bronchial Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Tracheal Diseases/etiology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Bronchoscopy , Bronchial Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Tracheal Diseases/diagnosis
12.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 16(1): 108-114, fev.-mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-620559

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), which is caused by the human papilomavirus type 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm in the larynx among infants and the second more frequent cause of the hoarseness in childhood. Is a enigmatic disease that can be devastating for those whom are affected. Is way misunderstood, and the investigation is still on matter. OBJECTIVE: This review had as objective provide a global vision and an update of what is recognized about the RRP and that is ahead of interns therapies. This surgical and adjuvant was performed through the research of database PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative index to nursing and health, Allied Literature and Cochrane. Eletronic library sought to use the headers of the subject "Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis", "Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis", "Respiratory Papillomatosis", "Pediatric Laryngeal Obstruction" and "Airway Management". The obtained results were analyzed of relevance for the theme. DISCUSSION: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a little DNA virus that contain. The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can affect people of any age, with the younger patient identified in a day of age and the oldest with 84 years. The most common presentation is the supporter of the RRP, it is the hoarseness. The therapy has been repetitive and debulking. The objective is to erradicate the disease, without damaging the normal structures. None modality has proven effective in the eradication of RRP. CONCLUSION: Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis is a frustrating disease, capricious with the potential of the morbid consequences by the cause of involvement of the airway and the risks of malignant degeneration.


INTRODUÇÃO: A papilomatose respiratória recorrente (PRR), que é causado pelo papilomavírus humano tipos 6 e 11, é a neoplasia benigna mais comum da laringe entre as crianças ea segunda causa mais frequente de rouquidão na infância. É uma doença enigmática que pode ser devastadora para aqueles a quem ela afeta. É muito mal compreendido, e investigação continua na ativa assunto. OBJETIVO: Esta revisão teve por objectivo proporcionar uma visão global e uma atualização do que é conhecido sobre RRP e que está à frente de interms therapies.This cirúrgica e adjuvante foi realizada através de pesquisa das bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE, Index cumulativa de Enfermagem e Saúde Allied Literatura e Cochrane biblioteca electrónica procurou usar os cabeçalhos de assunto ''papilomatose respiratória recorrente'', ''papilomatose laríngea juvenil'', ''papilomatose respiratória'', ''obstrução laríngea pediátrica'' e ''gestão das vias aéreas''. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados de relevância para o tema. DISCUSSÃO: O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um pequeno vírus de DNA que contêm. A papilomatose respiratória recorrente pode afetar pessoas de qualquer idade, com o paciente mais jovem identificado em um dia de idade eo mais velho de 84 anos. A apresentação mais comum é o sustentáculo da PRR é hoarseness. The de terapia tem sido repetida debulking. O objetivo é erradicar a doença, sem danificar as estruturas normais. Nenhum única modalidade tem mostrado ser eficaz na erradicação da PRR. CONCLUSÃO: Papilomatose respiratória recorrente é uma doença frustrante caprichoso com o potencial para consequências mórbidas por causa de seu envolvimento das vias aéreas eo risco de degeneração maligna.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , /isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/surgery , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/physiopathology , Recurrence
13.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 77(1): 39-43, jan.-fev. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578455

ABSTRACT

A Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma doença sistêmica que em sua forma sequelar se caracteriza por manifestações clínicas relacionadas às alterações anatômicas ou funcionais de órgãos e sistemas comprometidos no período de estado. OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações anatômicas e funcionais laríngeas sequelares em pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, sendo avaliados 49 pacientes do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 30 a 60 anos, entre 1999 a 2004, com diagnóstico de PCM em acompanhamento pela disciplina de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, confirmado pela demonstração do fungo em escarro, exame citológico ou histopatológico. RESULTADOS: As pregas vocais foram a estrutura laríngea mais afetada, em 67 por cento dos pacientes verificaram-se alterações. A epiglote estava acometida em 55 por cento dos casos. As pregas ariepiglóticas tinham modificações em 53 por cento dos pacientes. As pregas vestibulares estavam alteradas em 46 por cento dos casos. Em 40 por cento dos casos verificaram-se alterações em aritenoides. Na fonação, 28 por cento tinham limitação ao movimento das cordas vocais, paresia unilateral ocorreu em 4 por cento casos. Em 24 por cento havia restrição da luz supraglótica e 4 por cento tinham estenose glótica, sendo que 2 por cento precisaram de traqueotomia. CONCLUSÃO: As lesões sequelares na laringe devido à infecção pelo P. brasilienses são extensas e causam restrições funcionais na maioria dos casos.


Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease that in its aftermath form is characterized by clinical manifestations related to anatomic or functional sequelae of organs and systems affected during the period of state. AIM: To describe the anatomical and functional sequelae in patients with treated laryngeal PCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study. We reviewed the charts from of 49 male patients, aged between 30 to 60 years, diagnosed with laryngeal PCM during the period of 1999 to 2004. In all patients the diagnosis of PCM was confirmed by demonstration of the fungus in sputum, cytological or histopathological examination and being followed up by the Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Department. RESULTS: The vocal folds were the most affected laryngeal structure, being affected in 67 percent of the patients. The epiglottis and the aryepiglottic folds were affected in 55 percent and 53 percent of the cases, respectively. Vestibular folds were changed in 46 percent of the patients. In 40 percent of the cases there were changes in the arytenoids. During phonation, 28 percent of the patients showed limited movement of the vocal folds, unilateral vocal fold paralysis was found in 4 percent. 24 percent of the cases had glottic lumen reduction and 4 percent showed glottic stenosis, 2 percent needed tracheostomy. CONCLUSION: Sequela lesions of the laryngeal PCM are extensive and cause functional limitations in most cases.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Paracoccidioidomycosis/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Voice Disorders/etiology , Voice Disorders/microbiology
14.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 76(2): 156-163, mar.-abr. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548315

ABSTRACT

A hanseníase é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, cujo comprometimento vocal manifesta-se desde rouquidão à dificuldade respiratória. OBJETIVO: Comparar as principais queixas vocais entre pacientes idosos pós-tratamento para hanseníase e um grupo controle. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Descritivo prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 50 pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos; 32 haviam sido tratados para hanseníase e os demais constituíram o grupo-controle. Houve aplicação de questionário próprio, sendo analisados os sintomas vocais apresentados pelos dois grupos,assim como sexo, faixa etária, hábitos de vida e comorbidades. RESULTADOS: Dentro do grupo pós-tratamento, os sintomas mais frequentes foram pigarro (34,4 por cento) e rouquidão (28,1 por cento), enquanto que no grupo controle os sintomas mais prevalentes foram pigarro (77,8 por cento) e sensação de corpo estranho (55,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Os sintomas vocais mais prevalentes em pacientes pós-tratamento para hanseníase são o pigarro e a rouquidão e sua evolução é influenciada pelos hábitos de vida e por doenças associadas.


Leprosy is an infectious disease, with vocal involvement varying between hoarseness and difficult breathing. AIM: compare the main vocal complaints among elderly patients after treatment for leprosy and a control group. STUDY DESIGN: descriptive prospective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 50 patients aged over 60 years, 32 had been treated for leprosy, and the others formed the control group. We used our own questionnaire to analyze the vocal symptoms presented by the two groups, as well as gender, age, life style and comorbidities. RESULTS: among the treated group, the most frequent symptoms were hawk (34.4 percent) and hoarseness (28.1 percent), while in the control group the most prevalent symptoms were hoarseness (77.8 percent) and a foreign body sensation (55.6 percent). CONCLUSION: the most prevalent voice complaints in patients treated for leprosy are hawking and hoarseness, and that its development is influenced by life style and associated diseases.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Leprosy/complications , Voice Disorders/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Hoarseness/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Leprosy/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Voice Disorders/diagnosis
15.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol ; 9(1): 63-78, oct. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551878

ABSTRACT

El movimiento paradójico de las cuerdas vocales (MPCV) es un trastorno caracterizado por una inapropiada, involuntaria y paradójica aducción de las cuerdas vocales y bandas ventriculares durante la inspiración, y en casos severos se puede presentar como una obstrucción de las vías respiratorias. Este trastorno se asocia con múltiples etiología tales como reflujo gastroesofágico, trastornos neurológicos periféricos, o centrales, asma y trastornos psicógenos. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de un niño que presenta tos que había sido tratado inicialmente por asma sin resultados positivos. El examen de fibroscopía flexible revela un cuadro severo de MPCV. Este caso fue tratado con medicación por reflujo, entrenamiento respiratorio y relajación orofaríngea. Se enfatizó el trabajo multidisciplinario con el laringólogo, fonoaudiólogo y orientación psicológica. Revisión de la literatura es discutida.


Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM) is a disorder characterized by inappropriate and involuntary paradoxical vocal folds adduction and ventricular bans during inspiration. In severe cases PVFM is manifested as airway obstruction. This disorder is associated with multiple etiologies such as gastroesophageal reflux, peripheral or central neurological disorders, psychogenic disorders and asthma. In this paper, we report a case of a child who presents cough. He had been treated initially for asthma without positive results. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed severe PVFM. This case was treated with reflux medication, breathing training and oropharyngeal relaxation. It was emphasized a multidisciplinary approach with the laryngologist, voice pathologist and counselling. Review of the literature is discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/therapy , Vocal Cords/physiopathology , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Spirometry , Treatment Outcome
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139043

ABSTRACT

A living-unrelated renal transplant recipient presented with a history of fever with chills and rigors for 3 days. Clinically, the cause of the fever could not be localized. During a hospital stay of 72 hours, the patient developed sore throat, laryngeal stridor and acute myocardial infarction. A post-mortem revealed disseminated mucormycosis involving the larynx, heart, intestines, brain and the transplanted kidney.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Male , Mucormycosis/complications , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology
17.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(4): 508-511, jul.-ago. 2008. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494418

ABSTRACT

A etiologia mais aceita para pólipos de pregas vocais é o fonotrauma. Imaginamos que possa existir alguma alteração anatômica prévia nas pregas vocais que predisponha indivíduos a apresentarem lesões fonotraumáticas. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo retrospectivo procura encontrar correlação entre os pólipos de prega vocal e alterações estruturais da prega vocais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado trabalho retrospectivo a partir da descrição cirúrgica de 33 pacientes submetidos a exérese de pólipo de prega vocal no período de três anos em hospital universitário. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um pacientes apresentaram pólipos unilaterais e 2 bilaterais. Foram encontradas 27 lesões associadas: 10 lesões reacionais, 12 sulcos, 3 cistos e 2 ectasia capilars. Foram 14 lesões contralaterais e 13 ipsilaterais. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÕES: Encontrou-se uma forte correlação entre a presença de uma lesão de base influindo como co-fator de fragilização da prega vocal ao fonotrauma, pois das 27 lesões encontradas 17 foram consideradas pré-existentes (63 por cento). As lesões poderiam interferir na coaptação das pregas vocais, gerando uma onda mucosa irregular durante a fonação, expondo o espaço de Reinke a uma agressão estrutural. Apesar do caráter preliminar do trabalho os achados sugerem íntima correlação entre o pólipo e lesões estruturais mínimas das pregas vocais.


Phonotrauma is considered the main cause of vocal fold polyps (VFP). However, the authors believe that an underlying anatomical deviation could render the vocal folds more susceptible to such trauma. AIM: To prove this hypothesis a retrospective chart review was carried out to correlate the surgical findings of patients with VFP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The charts of thirty-three patients who underwent surgery for excision of VFP were reviewed: 21 had right VFP, 10 had left VFP and 2 had bilateral lesions. RESULTS: Associated lesions were reported in 27 patients (14 lesions on the opposite VF and 13 on the ipsilateral VF): 10 opposite nodules, 12 sulcus vocalis, 3 cysts, and 2 capillary engorgement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of associated anatomical lesions to the VF (63 percent) suggests that patients with these minor underlying anatomical deviations are more vulnerable to vocal abuse, probably because they present abnormal glottic closure and an irregular vibratory margin.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Polyps/etiology , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Laryngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Laryngoscopy/methods , Polyps/physiopathology , Polyps/surgery , Retrospective Studies
18.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 68(2): 193-198, ago. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503426

ABSTRACT

El reflujo faringolaríngeo (RFL) es un síndrome que se asocia a una constelación de síntomas. Entre ellos los más frecuentemente descritos son la disfonía, la fatiga vocal, el globus faríngeo, la tos crónica y la carraspera. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos internacionales y nacionales en relación a RFL. Se utilizaron palabras clave como globus, carraspera, laringitis, disfonía y reflujo gastroesofágico. Se obtuvieron alrededor de 35 referencias en relación al tema estudiado, siendo la mayoría publicadas con posterioridad al año 2000. En relación a su etiología, se cree que el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe sería el hecho más importante para su génesis, pero recientemente se ha demostrado que si bien este hecho patológico es fundamental en la producción de los síntomas, existen factores adicionales, capaces de perpetuarlo, permitiendo considerar al RFL como una entidad diferente del reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE).


Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (RFL) is a syndrome associated to a variety of symptoms. Among them, the most frequently described are dysphonia, vocal fatigue, pharyngeal globus, chronic coughing and throat clearing. An exhaustive search of international and national databases was performed. Globus, throat clearing, laryngitis and gastroesophageal reflux were used as keywords. Some 35 search-related references were retrieved, of which most were published from 2000 to date. Respect to the etiology of pharyngolaryngeal reflux, the current view is that gastric contain reflux to the pharynx is the most important factor, but recently it has been demonstrated that, although this pathological trait is pivotal for symptoms appearance, there are additional factors that could perpetuate the symptoms in time, which contribute to consider RFL as a different entity from gastroesophageal reflux (RGE).


Subject(s)
Humans , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/therapy , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Gastroesophageal Reflux/therapy , Laryngeal Diseases/epidemiology , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Laryngoscopy , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology
20.
Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. 2007; 19 (2): 335-346
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-99374

ABSTRACT

Patient with rheumatoid arthritis should be screened prior to surgery for any laryngeal manifestation. A thorough history and physical examination coupled with indirect or direct laryngoscopy are mandatory. Nonspecific laryngeal symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis should raise suspicion of laryngeal involvement. Phonatory disturbances or airway difficulties may reflect advanced stages of the disease. Their presence is usually coupled with high resolution computerized tomography findings. Aggressive therapy should be started and corticosteroid injection should be contemplated in cases of failure of conventional treatment. The anesthesiologist should handle with extreme care the inflamed laryngeal structures and be least aggressive in securing the airway


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy , Laryngoscopy , Larynx/pathology , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Anesthesia , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Steroids , Tracheostomy
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